On January 21, 2023, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) issued the Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Amendment Rules, 2023, to modify the existing Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Rules of 2014. The primary focus of these amendments is the revision of various forms, including SH-7, SH-8, SH-9, SH-11, and SH-14. These changes, effective from […]
Comprehending Goods and Services Tax (GST) rates is pivotal for entrepreneurs as they can influence the pricing of goods and services. The GST Council of India regularly revises these rates, impacting the costs of various items and services in the nation. In this article, we will delve into the present GST rates for common goods […]
The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) has implemented the Quarterly Return Filing and Monthly Payment of Taxes (QRMP) scheme in the GST framework, specifically designed to support small taxpayers with turnovers below Rs. 5 crores. This initiative offers the advantage of filing GST returns on a quarterly basis, alleviating the financial and […]
Audit Committee is one of the main pillars of the corporate governance mechanism in any company. The Committee is charged with the principal oversight of financial reporting and disclosure and aims to enhance the confidence in the integrity of the company’s financial reporting, the internal control processes and procedures and the risk management systems.The constitution […]
The Duties and Responsibilities can be broadly classified into two categories: Duties of Directors under Section 166 of the Companies Act, 2013: The following duties of the directors have been provided under Section 166 of the Companies Act, 2013 and apply to all types of directors including Independent Directors. Powers of the Board In terms […]
Board composition is one of the most important determinants of board effectiveness. Beyond the legal requirement of minimum directors, a board should have a judicious mix of internal and independent directors with a variety of experience and core competence. The potential competitive advantage of a Board structure comprising executive directors and independent non-executive directors lies […]
The investment decision process is a comprehensive journey that individuals undertake to make informed choices regarding their financial resources. This process involves several stages, each crucial in shaping a well-rounded and strategic investment plan. 1. Goal Setting: Clearly define financial objectives and purposes for investing, such as wealth accumulation, retirement planning, education funding, or purchasing […]
Options trading strategies serve as tactical tools for investors to navigate diverse market conditions. Let’s delve into a comprehensive exploration of four prominent options strategies: Bull Spread, Bear Spread, Straddle, and Butterfly Spread. 1. Bull Spread: Objective: Capitalize on an anticipated upward price movement. Strategy: Payoff: Profits from a bullish market, with limited risk due […]
The Put-Call Parity Principle is a fundamental concept in options trading that establishes a relationship between the prices of European call and put options of the same class, with the same strike prices and expiration dates. This principle helps maintain equilibrium in the options market, allowing traders to identify and capitalize on arbitrage opportunities. Let’s […]
Options trading is a dynamic aspect of financial markets, allowing investors to hedge risks and speculate on future price movements. In the Indian context, understanding the features, types, styles, payoffs, and valuation using models like Black-Scholes is crucial for effective participation. Features of Options: Types of Options: Option Trading Styles: Payoffs from Options: Valuation using […]